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抗体药物偶联物在实体瘤治疗中的突破与毒性管理

粟 肇杰, 崔 演

摘要

抗体药物偶联物(ADC)通过特异性抗体将高活性细胞毒性载荷精准递送至肿瘤细胞,兼具靶向治疗的精准性与传统化疗的强大杀伤力,被誉为“生物导弹”。近年来,随着连接子技术、偶联化学及载荷种类的持续优化,ADC在乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌等多种实体瘤中取得了突破性进展,多款药物已进入临床一线治疗。然而,独特的“靶向-脱瘤”毒性、载荷非特异性释放及累积性器官损伤等安全性问题,成为限制其疗效窗口与临床应用扩展的主要瓶颈。本文系统梳理ADC在实体瘤治疗领域的关键突破,重点分析其毒性谱特征、发生机制及优化策略,以期为临床合理应用与新一代ADC开发提供理论参考。

关键词

抗体药物偶联物, 实体瘤, 毒性管理, 连接子技术, 旁观者效应

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参考

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