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CAR-T 细胞疗法在实体瘤治疗中的挑战与优化策略

崔 吉丽, 崔 演

摘要

嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤中已取得革命性成功,但在实体瘤治疗中仍面临根本性障碍。实体瘤的复杂异质性、免疫抑制微环境及T细胞浸润与持久性不足,构成了限制CAR-T疗效的三大核心瓶颈。近年来,下一代CAR-T技术从多靶点识别、微环境重塑、代谢适应性优化及内源性免疫激活等维度取得了重要突破。本文系统梳理实体瘤CAR-T治疗的核心障碍,综述新型工程化策略的临床前与临床进展,并提出“从被动靶向到主动适应”的范式转变观点,以期为该领域的进一步发展提供理论参考。

关键词

CAR-T细胞疗法, 实体瘤, 肿瘤微环境, 抗原异质性, 合成生物学

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参考

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